Fatores comuns associados ao suicídio na adolescência no contexto pós moderno

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence comprises the second decade of life, from 10 to 20 years old, starting with bodily changes and ending with social, professional and economic insertion in adult society. Furthermore, it is a period of life marked by physical and psychic reorganization, reflecting internal conflicts. Adolescence is also a period of fragility and instability, which can contribute to suicide attempts in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze and identify common factors in adolescent suicide in the literature. Therefore, an integrative qualitative review was carried out, based on the post-modern context and referenced by Bauman's perspective to understand the influence of the liquid era on adolescence and its relationship with suicide at this stage of life. A bibliographic survey was carried out in journals in the databases of the Virtual Health Library and the Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo). Searches were carried out in June 2021, involving articles from the last sixteen years (2005-2021), in Spanish, Portuguese and English. To trace a direction in the searches, the following descriptors were used: (1) “suicide”, (2) “adolescence”, (3) “post-modernity” and (4) “psychology”. Through the result, the following categories were analyzed: Family conflicts, Peer Relationships and Depression, with depression being the common factor in all articles. It is concluded that the analysis and identification of common factors, present in the literature, allows the tendency to commit suicide to be recognized in time for interventions, which must be carried out with the help of trained professionals.